高考英語必考

廣西戴氏教育來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 時間:2021-05-13 05:39:35 點(diǎn)擊：1次

主謂一致（Subject-Verb Agreement），即謂語動詞在“人稱”與“數(shù)”上要和主語保持一致，這就是中英文的差異之一。中文中“他喜歡你”和“他們喜歡你”中的“喜歡”沒有體現(xiàn)主語單復(fù)數(shù)的差別，而這兩句話在英文當(dāng)中則有“l(fā)ikes”和“l(fā)ike”的差別。

就近原則

就近原則，也稱為“鄰近原則”或“就近一致原則”，即謂語動詞與靠近的名詞和代詞（不一定是主語）在“人稱”和“數(shù)量”上保持一致。

1.當(dāng)There be句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：

① There is a pen, a knife and several books on the shelf. （a pen決定be動詞用is）

② There are twenty boy-students and twenty girl-students in the class. （twenty boy-students決定be動詞用are）

2.由here，there，where等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，當(dāng)主語不止一個時，謂語動詞與最靠近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。例如：

① Here comes the bus. （bus決定come用三單形式）

② Here is a pen and somepieces of paper for you. （a pen決定be動詞用is）

③ Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? （your wife決定be動詞用is）

3.用連詞or, nor, either……or, neither……nor, not only……but also等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。例如：

① Either you or I am to blame. （I決定be動詞用am；若you和I互換位置，be動詞則跟隨you用are）

② Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything abhout it. （the teacher決定know用三單形式；若the students和the teacher互換位置，know則跟隨the students用原形）

③ Not only the studens but also the teacher likes the movie. （the teacher決定like用三單形式；若the students和the teacher互換位置，like則跟隨the students用原形）

④ He or I am in the wrong. （I決定be動詞用am；若he和I互換位置，be動詞則跟隨you用is）

就遠(yuǎn)原則

就遠(yuǎn)原則，和“就近原則”的使用方法相反，即謂語動詞要和較遠(yuǎn)的主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)量”上保持一致。當(dāng)用作主語的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, in addition to, combined with, rather than, together with等引出的短語時，需要采用就遠(yuǎn)原則。例如：

① Everybody except you is down on me.?除了你，大家都看不起我。

② A woman with two children has come.?一位婦女帶著兩個孩子已經(jīng)來了。

③ John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.?約翰，而不是他的室友，應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。

④ Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film.?吉姆和他的同學(xué)都看過這部電影。

⑤ My father, no less than I, is a base-ball fan.?我的父親不亞于我也是個棒球迷。

⑥ The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there.?不但兒子想去那兒，而且他的父母也想去。

⑦ The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.?老師也和同學(xué)們一樣對這項(xiàng)活動有興趣。

◆注意：

（1）one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中, 定語從句的動詞為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

Mary is one of those people who keep?pets. 瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。

（2）The only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that./which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。例如：

Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 瑪麗是唯一一個飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。