短文改錯(cuò)解題思路和檢查原則

1. 句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞;

2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài);

3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法;

4. 名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，格的使用是否正確;

5. 定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;

6. 代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;

7. 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤;

8. 并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。

短文改錯(cuò)解題四原則

1.改動(dòng)以最少為原則;

2.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;

3.實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則;

4.以保持句子原意為原則。

解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng)

1. 核對(duì)錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí)，若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一詞1個(gè)，缺詞1個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。

2. 核對(duì)改正的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。3. 核對(duì)答題符號(hào)是否規(guī)范，位置是否準(zhǔn)確，看看有無(wú)遺漏符號(hào)、忽略字母大小寫(xiě)和拼寫(xiě)等問(wèn)題。

解題思路(三步解題法)

1.快速瀏覽全文，把握文章的主要時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)及文章的主旨大意，順便標(biāo)記自己一眼就能看出的錯(cuò)誤。

2.細(xì)讀文章，找出錯(cuò)誤并改正。一般要結(jié)合文章的上下文以及出題規(guī)律來(lái)做題。

3.代入正確答案通讀全文，看其是否通順。

高考短文改錯(cuò)一般會(huì)在以下八個(gè)方面進(jìn)行設(shè)題

1. 動(dòng)詞：主要考查時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致和固定搭配。

①時(shí)態(tài)混用

Then the trouble started. We can’t open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.

很顯然此段的主時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去式，因此應(yīng)把can’t改為couldn’t.

②主謂不一致

There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.

a football game決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故應(yīng)該把were改為was.#p#副標(biāo)題#e#

③固定搭配

He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the computer.

give up doing sth.是固定用法，故動(dòng)詞buy應(yīng)該改為buying.

2. 名詞：主要考查單復(fù)數(shù)混用。

Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.

表示“年齡多大了”應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)把year改為years.

3. 形容詞/副詞：主要考查兩者之間是否混用。

①副詞代替正確形容詞

During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.

很明顯是“與平時(shí)相比較更忙”，因此需要把usually改為usual.

②形容詞代替正確副詞

As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on — get going!”

顯然應(yīng)把excited改為excitedly,用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞cheer.

4. 介詞：主要考查固定搭配，特別是動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配。

①介詞遺漏

I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.

get rid of 是固定搭配，意為“擺脫，除去”。

②介詞多余

My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.

這里顯然是區(qū)分because of與because的用法。前者不能接句子，而后者充當(dāng)連詞可以接句子，故應(yīng)該把of去掉。

③介詞錯(cuò)用(一般為固定搭配)

I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”

pick out改為pick up.pick out挑選;pick up撿起。

5. 連詞：主要考查句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。?？嫉娜N關(guān)系主要是：轉(zhuǎn)折 (but)、并列(and)和因果(because)。

One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.

顯然，句意為“我們開(kāi)車(chē)去的原因是因?yàn)槲覀円I(mǎi)很多東西”，所以應(yīng)該把but改為because / as / for.

6. 句式：主要考查that與what或which / how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。這是短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)。

She never has enough time for that she wants to do.

句意為：她沒(méi)有足夠多的時(shí)間來(lái)做自己想做的事情。很明顯應(yīng)該把that改為what.

7. 冠詞：主要考查冠詞是否多余或遺漏。

①冠詞多余

So I went to sell newspapers after the school.

“放學(xué)后”應(yīng)該用after school表示，故此處定冠詞多余，應(yīng)去掉the.

②冠詞遺漏

As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.

at an early age表示“很小的時(shí)候”，故early前應(yīng)加不定冠詞。

8.代詞：主要考查代詞是否多余或遺漏，以及代詞之間的混用。

①代詞多余

Don’t lose your heart if you fail in the exam.

lose heart表示“泄氣，喪失勇氣”，而lose one’s heart to sb. / sth.表示“愛(ài)上，鐘情于……”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處很明顯是指“別泄氣”，故應(yīng)該把your去掉。

②代詞遺漏

A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.

應(yīng)該在classes前加his,表示“使他的課堂生動(dòng)有趣”。

③代詞混用

We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out.

根據(jù)句意“我們生活在一個(gè)大家庭之中，彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰(shuí)有困難，其他人就會(huì)幫助他/她解決困難”，所以應(yīng)把them改為us，把other改為others.